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Why You Should Always Read the Small Print

Dec 12, 2016

Did you notice those restraining orders hiding on the back of your divorce paperwork? If not, I don’t blame you—they’re easy to miss.

Automatic Temporary Restraining Orders (ATROs) or Standard Family Law Restraining Orders (as they’re now called) are four mutual orders that automatically come into effect when filing for divorce or legal separation. They can be found on the reverse side of the Summons (FL-110), the form notifying an individual (“respondent”) of his/her partner’s (“petitioner”) desire to separate. The Summons is filed alongside the Petition for Dissolution (FL-100). Together, these forms legally mark the beginning of the end of a relationship.

Simply put, these orders protect children and marital assets. As soon as the petitioner files, the ATROs immediately bind him/her. As soon as the respondent is personally served, the ATROs bind him/her equally.

They last for the duration of dissolution proceedings, in order to prevent the following:

  1. Removing children from California,
    • This is in line with the “Best Interest Standard,” which directs all decisions about a child to be made with the child’s best possible welfare, safety, and health in mind. The courts want to ensure a child’s stability. This first order guards against abduction by demanding both parents either seek the co-parent’s permission or a court order before moving.
  2. Meddling with property,
    • This order ensures neither party utilizes property unfairly. It wards against the “transferring, encumbering, hypothecating, concealing, or in any way disposing of any property, real or personal, whether community, quasi-community, or separate.” In this sense, “property” refers not only to land, but also to money, tangible things of value, and the right to do what you will with them. As with the above, this order requires written notice or court permission. It demands one spouse give the other at least five-days’ notice before any extraordinary expenditures take place. The spouse must also be able to account for the spending in court.
    • Interesting exceptions: attorney’s fees and any transactions in the normal course of business. Property may be used to pay counsel, so long as the court and spouse are properly notified; and property may be used in a way that is consistent with either party’s spending habits (i.e. if a husband buys and sells diamonds every month for a living, he can continue to do so).
  3. Tampering with insurance policies, and
    • Since insurance has such a huge effect on individual lives (e.g. healthcare and financial security), it’s protected. This order forbids “cashing, borrowing against, canceling, transferring, disposing of, or changing the beneficiaries of any insurance or other coverage, including life, health, automobile, and disability held for the benefit of the parties and their child or children for whom support may be ordered.”
  4. Altering “nonprobate transfers.”
    • In its simplest terms, this order bans the creation or modification of a nonprobate transfer in a manner that affects the disposition of property subject to the transfer without the other party’s written consent or a court order. This does not apply to Wills, but it does affect trusts, for example.

These four small rules pack a strong punch. Although they’re on the reverse side of an already cramped document, do not ignore them! If they aren’t respected, family court can order restitution and lost profits. Sanctions and attorney fees are usually also a part of any enforcement action. In more extreme cases, contempt action may be filed, with the possibility of criminal prosecution to boot.

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Historically, the laborious gathering of detrimental evidence was done through private investigators or subpoenas for credit card statements and phone records. The advent of social media ensures the same damning evidence is effortlessly at the fingertips of opposing counsel. It appears that people share intimate personal details online based on a false expectation that information will remain private. The American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers says 81 percent of its 1,600 members have used or faced evidence from social networking sites over the last five years. How can social networks sites, like Facebook, adversely impact your divorce case? No-fault divorce has been adopted across the country. As a result, evidence of wrongdoing does not have the direct impact it used to have under the former standard, fault-based divorce. Even so, information available through social networking sites can be costly. Evidence gathered from Facebook can undermine credibility in court. Consider a client who claims he can’t pay a set amount of spousal or child support. If opposing counsel discovers pictures he posted of a lavish vacation or a new luxury car, the client has tarnished his reputation. Such evidence can be used substantively in favor of a support increase. What about custody? Under both Federal and State rules, character evidence is generally impermissible in civil cases. However, in child custody determinations, courts are allowed to consider the “fitness” of each parent. In California, courts must consider the child’s health, safety, and welfare. A parent’s custody or visitation rights can be limited in cases where there is evidence of a parent’s drug, alcohol, or sex abuse; where there is excessive discipline or emotional abuse by a parent or a parent’s significant other; or where the mental and physical health of the parents is questionable. A seemingly innocuous photo of one parent slinging back a few beers at a sports bar or clubbing in a mini-skirt could reflect poorly on one’s fitness as a parent. Even guardians ad litem (court appointed representatives who advocate for a child’s best interest) are scouring social network sites when deciding which parent to recommend. In divorce or custody cases where evidence is particularly inflammatory, many clients choose to settle rather than be exposed as engaging in immoral or illegal behavior. How can you protect yourself if you are currently involved in divorce or custody litigation? The best thing you can do to protect yourself from the latent consequences of social networking is to delete your Facebook page. Choosing to maintain pages on social networking sites could compromise your interests and bargaining power in litigation. If you vehemently insist on keeping your Facebook account, here are some practical tips to help you avoid common pitfalls. Use your privacy settings to screen who can view your wall or photo albums. Don’t discuss anything that is going on in court or disclose communications between you and your lawyer. Disclosure can act as a waiver of the attorney-client privilege or confidentiality. Be careful who your “friends” are. If your privacy isn’t set tightly enough, your page (photos, especially) may be accessible via third-party accounts (“friends of friends”). Don’t contradict assertions in court with photos or posts. Even photos taken by a friend and posted on their page can turn up during litigation. Don’t demean your ex via Facebook. This is especially true if you are in a custody battle and your children have access to your page. In most cases, courts consider whether each parent is able to facilitate the child’s relationship with the other parent. The last thing you want to face in court is the accusation that you were trash talking your ex to one of your children. The bottom line: Regardless of whether you are presently going through divorce, remember that the Internet is a public forum. Once something has been posted, it can never truly be deleted. Don’t post anything online that you wouldn’t want your mother to see. Originally posted Wednesday, August 15, 2012 7:00 PM.
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You may not have experience with courtroom decorum. Fear not. The following is a list of tips to help you avoid common faux pas. Remember that the courtroom is a formal environment: Take care of yourself. Get a good-night’s sleep and eat a full breakfast. Dress appropriately (Read: conservatively). You will have only a short period of time to make a good impression on the judge. Dressing well is a great first start. I always advise my clients to wear a suit. Do not wear jeans. Find a sitter. Do not bring your children to court unless you have been specifically requested to do so by the judge or your attorney. Children can be a distraction, and most of the subject matter covered in hearings is not appropriate for them. Leave the new beau at home. The presence of a new partner or spouse in court during divorce or custody matters will only exacerbate an already acrimonious situation. Bring a well-behaved friend to the hearing if you need emotional support. Be punctual. Allow yourself enough time to park and pass through security. Arrive outside your courtroom at least fifteen minutes before your hearing to cover any last minute details with your attorney. Turn off your phone. A ringing cellphone will only aggravate the judge and embarrass you. Don’t be that guy. Display deference. Enter and exit quietly. Stand when the judge enters or exits. If you are called to address the judge, use the title, “Your Honor.” Remain silent. Do not speak to the judge unless you are offering testimony. Your attorney is your mouthpiece. Do not communicate verbally with your attorney. Have a pad of paper ready to jot down necessary communications with counsel. Originally posted Wednesday, August 15, 2012 7:10 PM.
09 Nov, 2016
Require a detailed retainer or fee agreement. Make sure that you review and sign an agreement that defines the scope of the work the lawyer will perform. The agreement should also explain exactly how you will be billed (hourly or flat fee) and what specific tasks you will be charged for (drive time, phone calls, and email). Be organized and responsive. Provide documents in chronological order, grouped by type. When you spend time organizing your file, your attorney won’t have to. When your lawyer is forced to sift through hundreds of pages to find what they are looking for, your bill will increase. When your lawyer requests information, provide it in a timely manner. Every time your attorney calls to remind you to deliver, sign, or return documents your bill will increase. Use your time wisely. Many lawyers bill in incremental time (usually tenths of an hour or six-minute blocks). Adjust accordingly. Instead of calling or emailing your attorney every time you have a question, wait until you have several and ask them at once. Be prudent regarding subject matter you discuss with your attorney. Stick to the facts. Do not overwhelm your attorney with minutiae. Trust your lawyer to solicit relevant information. Legal matters can be emotionally traumatic. If you are experiencing emotional trauma, take care of yourself. Enlist a therapist for short-term or long-term support. Attorneys are far too expensive to use as sounding boards. Disclose damaging or embarrassing facts. If you have something to hide, assume somebody will find it. Your attorney can probably minimize damning facts if they are given an opportunity to investigate. There is nothing worse than being blind-sided by detrimental information about a client in court. It will hurt your cause and damage control could be costly. Remember that communications with your attorney are confidential. Be nice. Take time to select a lawyer you trust and then give them the benefit of the doubt. Not all lawyers are out to get you. I can’t count how many times anecdotal or personal experiences have skewed the perception of clients or potential clients. For some, lawyers are a necessary evil to be constantly questioned or challenged. Select an attorney you have a good rapport with the first time. Hiring a second lawyer to deal with a single matter is costly. The new attorney will have to become familiar with the case. You will pay for their learning curve. I hope this has been helpful. Excuse me while I slink back to my lair. Originally posted Wednesday, August 15, 2012 7:12 PM.
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